ARIA live regions are parts of a webpage which announce to its users if the content dynamically changes.
Eg : Instagram notifying you of likes while you scroll through its explore page, a sign-in form telling you that your email is invalid when you hit submit, etc.
aria-controls
attribute is used to connect cause element and effect element.
aria-live
is used to announce changes.
aria-live="off"
: Defaultaria-live="polite"
: Used if the update is important, but it shouldn’t be aggressive to be announced. For example, notifications, etc.aria-live="assertive
: Used only for time-sensitive and critical notifications. For example, Amber alert, SOS, etc.
Programmatic focus management
It’s a technique to control a browser’s focus in response to certain user actions [like opening a menu, etc.]